WHEN, WHERE, AND HOW

                                                                             Class 8 


 Chapter 1

When,  Where, and How



 History is defined as the study of past events. In order to understand these events,  historians divide history into three periods-ancient, medieval and modern periods.

 This division of history simplifies the analysis of events as each period will be recognised for the common characteristics that may exist in the period.


The modern period in India

The transition from the mediaeval period to the modern period in India is marked by the decline of the great Mughal empire and the advent of the British. This period also witnessed the decentralization of power as many smaller States emerged and declared their Independence. 


The modern period in the world

During the modern period, not only India, but also other countries of the world witnessed several important developments which shape the future course of action for the entire world.


Renaissance

The term Renaissance refers to rebirth for Revival. It is characterized by the emergence of independent thinking and reasoning among these people which impacted the idols of the people across the globe.


Industrialisation

  • The industrial revolution refers to the Rapid development of industries in Britain, brought about by the introduction of machinery during the 18th century.

  • The development of industries lead to mass production of manufactured goods. As a result people started looking for a new land that could serve as a market for the finished goods. Such markets were found in effluent countries like India which were later transformed into colonies. 


Sources of the modern period

  • Official records of the British administration

  • Books, newspapers and magazines

  • Account of foreign travellers 


Architecture

  •  Besides written records,  the architectural structures of the modern period of India are reflective of British influence.

  • Official buildings such as the Rashtrapati Bhavan and the parliament house and  huge architectural structures like India Gate  hold testimony of the British rule in India.

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